Managing pain following cesarean section is challenging. Over recent years, there has been growing interest in regional nerve block techniques with promising results on efficacy, as they reduce postoperative pain and the need of supplemental analgesia, thereby lower the incidence of drug-related side effects. Aims: to evaluated the efficiency of the transvers abdominis plane block in pain control in patients undergoing cesarean section Patients and Methods: This is a prospective double blind study which included a total of 70 adult parturients undergoing elective cesarean section. The recruited patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups: those received transvers abdominis plane block with 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine and those received no block. Visual analogue score was used to assess pain at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h post-operation. Time for rescue analgesia as well as the total amount of tramadol that received by each patient were calculated. Results: In almost all postoperative time points, the mean pain score in transverse abdominis plane group was significantly higher than that of control group. Time to first analgesic administration was prolonged significantly in transverse abdominis plane group (8.46 plus or minus 4.12 hrs) as compared with control group (4.18 plus or minus 2.53 hrs). Mean tramadol requirement for transverse abdominis plane group was 154.8 plus or minus 61.13 mg and compared with 268.16 plus or minus 92.53 mg for control group, with a significant difference. The operative time correlated significantly with time for rescue analgesia and tramadol requirement. Conclusions: Transverse abdominis plane block could be an effective method in providing analgesia with a substantial reduction in pain score and tramadol requirement during the first 48 hrs after cesarean section when used as adjunctive to standard analgesia.

The Spitsbergen archipelago famously known as Svalbard in Norway hosts a number of exploitable coal deposits. Their mining development has been carried out mainly by the Arktikugol state trust at the Barenzburg Field and the Norwegian Store Norske mining near the coal-mining town of Longyearbyen. During the Soviet Era, Russia carried out a wide range of sustainable geological studies at the archipelago with the main tasks covering geological mapping and studies of mineral reserves for commodities such as coal, oil, phosphorites, poly metals, gold and few others. These ongoing studies were soon interrupted and put to halt following the rules and regulations set by the Norwegian Administration of the archipelago which practically resulted in the suspension or rather impossibility of conducting further geological exploration studies in the area. Later in 2014, Russia opened its research centre known as the Russian Integrated Research Centre (RSCS) in Barentsburg, Svalbard which is aimed at the study and monitoring of environmental conservation in the archipelago. Although, a vast territory of the archipelago is covered with glaciers and rendered inaccessible due to its remoteness and unfriendly weather conditions Russian research on the geology of the area continues and annually graces the Svalbard mineral map with new discoveries.

The term Iltihaab Tajaveef Anf Muzmin has not been mentioned in the Unani classical texts, but the clinical features of Nazla Baarid Muzmin resemble with Iltihaab Tajaveef Anf Muzmin, which occurs as a result of the involvement of various factors. The individuals with Baarid mizaj (cold temperament) are more prone to develop this condition as the maaddaah (matter) infiltrated from the anterior part of the brain towards the nose or throat. This condition corresponds with chronic sinusitis in modern, which is multifactorial in nature and often involve accompanying nasal airway inflammation called as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which is an inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses with at least two out of four cardinal symptoms for at least 12 consecutive weeks. It prevalent among all age groups and is the fifth most common reason for an antibiotic prescription. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Unani formulae in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. It was conducted from January to April 2016 in the outpatient department of National Teaching Hospital of Ayurveda, Kotta Road, Borella, Sri Lanka. Diagnosed (n= 10) patients with age group 25-55 years from both sexes were selected. The patients were received 30 ml of test decoction two times a day after meal and oil massage of sinus areas for 10 minutes for 08 visits for 28 days. The pre and post study effects were assessed by using Total Nasal Symptom Severity scores (TNSS) in 4 follow ups. The data were analysed by repeated measure of ANOVA with paired t-tests. There was significant improvement in subjective parameters; facial pain, hyposmia, post nasal drainage, nasal obstruction and headache. The study revealed that the test drugs are effective in reducing the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis without any adverse effects, therefore, it can be used effectively and safely in its management. However, to make the study more comprehensive it could be conducted in large sample size on various parameters.

Herein, a novel nanocomposite catalyst was fabricated and employed as an available catalyst for Levulinic Acid conversion into gamma Valerolactone via a Meerwein Ponndorf Verley reaction.

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extracts (MPaq) of M. pinnata using the carrageenan induced paw oedema model in Wistar rats which is an experimental acute inflammatory animal model. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO) by rat peritoneal cells, infiltration of rat peritoneal cells, membrane stabilization activity and anti-histamine effect in rats mediated by the MPaq. Acute anti-inflammatory activity of MPaq was dose dependent. The selected doses of MPaq exhibited a statistically significant (p< 0.5) inhibition effect of oedema at 3h after the injection of carageenan. The dose of 100.0 mg/kg body weight (b.w) dose of MPaq was found as the minimum effective dose with maximum inhibition (61%) of oedema at 5th hour compared to the negative control (p < 0.001). The MPaq showed a significant (p< 0.5) inhibition of infiltration of rat peritoneal cells, inhibition of NO production by rat peritoneal cells and inhibition of membrane stabilization as well anti-histamine activity which are the probable anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These results revealed the aqueous extract of Mp exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the tested models and provides may prove the scientific rationale for the use as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine.

We report three preterm infants who were treated with paracetamol for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) and developed acute hemolysis. No other apparent cause of acute hemolysis was found during Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization. All three infants were born within one year. As this side effect of paracetamol has not been reported and many infants receive paracetamol for PDA closure, we recommend caution. We cannot be sure whether the hemolysis occurred due to an underlying cause that was augmented by paracetamol or if the drug itself caused acute hemolysis in these preterm infants.

Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the selected bio-resonance method under in-vitro conditions. The question of alternative therapies efficiency is very important in situation when traditional therapies may be not enough effective. In such situations, patients reach for alternative solutions and sometimes even physicians suggest their application. Methods: In the article, the authors present results of a neutralization method efficiency of selected pathogens using selected bio-resonance method. The verification of the method was conducted with usage of a constructed generator. The generator strictly realized a signal described in the literature associated with the bio-resonance topic. The authors carried out tests in in-vitro laboratory conditions on material including both clinical and reference strains of both bacteria and fungi. Results: According analysis of 24 test series of the bacterial and the fungi strains, the samples treated with the generator did not show a significant decrease of the pathogen population in relation to the comparative samples. Generally accepted standards in microbiology, describes a significant reduction of the pathogen population appears when the population size decrease at least about one order of magnitude in relation to the comparative samples. Conclusions: As a result of the tests, the ineffectiveness of the tested method was demonstrated. This is an important result because this method is considered as effective in many environments, and patients based on this fact, often give up conventional treatment.